Risk Data Sources

Data drawn from the sources listed below, updated May 2026.

Statistics

References to country peers refer to all countries with the same country risk rating as defined below. Indicators on the business environment refer to logistics performance, governance and trade facilitation, where available.  

Nominal GDP:

IMF: World Economic Outlook Database, April 2026 Data Explorer

Gross domestic product, current prices, 2026 calendar year forecast. 

GDP per capita:

IMF: World Economic Outlook Database, April 2026 Data Explorer 

Gross domestic product per capita, current prices, 2026 calendar year forecast.  

Real GDP growth:

IMF: World Economic Outlook Database, April 2026 Data Explorer 

5-year average forecast real GDP growth, 2027-2031.  

Australian exports to [Country]:

DFAT: Trade statistical pivot tables | Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (dfat.gov.au) 

Identifying the three largest merchandise exports to [Country], data for 2025 calendar year.  

Top 3 goods exports:

DFAT: Trade statistical pivot tables | Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (dfat.gov.au)

Identifying the three largest merchandise exports to [Country], data for 2025 calendar year.

Australian imports from [Country]:

DFAT: Trade time series data | Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (dfat.gov.au) 

Total goods and services imports from [Country], data for 2025 calendar year.  

Top 3 goods imports:

DFAT: Trade statistical pivot tables | Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (dfat.gov.au) 

Identifying the three largest merchandise imports from [Country], data for 2025 calendar year.  

Australian investment into [Country]:

ABS: International Investment Position, Australia: Supplementary Statistics, 2025 | Australian Bureau of Statistics  

Table 5. Australian investment abroad, data for 2025 calendar year. 

[Country] Investment into Australia:

ABS: International Investment Position, Australia: Supplementary Statistics, 2025 | Australian Bureau of Statistics 

Table 2. Foreign investment in Australia, data for 2025 calendar year. 

Risk indicators

Country risk:

OECD: Country Risk Classification (oecd.org)

Private rating agencies: Credit Rating - Countries - List (tradingeconomics.com)

OECD Country Ratings from January 2026 are used where possible, supplemented with private rating agencies and EFA Country Ratings. 

References to country peers refer to all countries with the same country risk rating as defined above. Indicators on the business environment refer to logistics performance, governance and trade facilitation, where available.  

Logistics Performance: 

World Bank: Logistics Performance Indicators (2.0) | World Bank Group  

Container import dwell times reported in the most recent World Bank Logistics Performance Indicators data for 2024. Low container dwell times correspond to high logistics performance scores.  

Governance risk:

World Bank: Home | Worldwide Governance Indicators 

Average of the following dimensions of 2024 Worldwide Governance Indicators: control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, voice and accountability.  

Expropriation risk:

Credendo: Country risk | Credendo 

Credendo’s expropriation risk assessment encompasses measures taken by a host government which may deprive an investor of its investment without compensation. Country risk summary table, updated October 21, 2024. 

Political risk:

World Bank: Home | Worldwide Governance Indicators 

Political Stability and Absence of Violence dimension of the 2024 Worldwide Governance Indicators.  

Climate risk:

Notre Dame Research: Rankings // Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative // University of Notre Dame (nd.edu) 

The ND-GAIN Country Index summarises a country’s vulnerability to climate change and other global challenges in combination with its readiness to improve resilience.  

Sovereign credit risk:

S&P/Moody’s: Credit Rating - Countries - List (tradingeconomics.com) 

The calculated rating takes the average of private sovereign credit risk ratings from S&P and Moody’s (rounded up where appropriate).  

Financial development:

World Bank: Dataset Detail | Prosperity Data360 | Prosperity Data360 (worldbank.org) 

The Financial Development Index aggregates and summarises how developed financial institutions and financial markets are in terms of depth, access and efficiency.  

Trade facilitation:

OECD: Trade Facilitation Indicators 2022 edition | Compare your country 

The average trade facilitation performance combines: information availability, involvement of the trade community, advance rulings, appeal procedures, fees and charges, documents, automation, procedures, internal border agency co-operation, external border agency co-operation and governance and impartiality.

Map:

Geographical information provided by Mapbox.